We use a variety of trackers; six of the main types are explained below. This list is intended to include all the types that we use, although these types may vary depending on the use of our websites and of our mobile phone applications.
a. Cookies
A cookie is a small text file that is sent to or accessed from your web browser or your device’s memory. A cookie typically contains the name of the domain from which the cookie originated, the lifetime of the cookie, and a randomly generated unique number or other identifiers. Cookies may also contain information about your device, such as user settings, browsing history and activities conducted while using our Services.
Which types of cookies exist?
• First-party cookies:
They are cookies set by us (or on our behalf) on our websites. Leaf Group uses its own technical cookies (called “first-party cookies”), which make it easier to browse our websites and use our mobile apps and to ensure that content is loaded efficiently. Such cookies allow our Services to work correctly, so they are essential for using all the options and functionalities of our websites and mobile apps.
Leaf Group also uses technical cookies that allow its websites to remember choices that the user makes when users are using our websites (like the language or the changes related with the text size, fonts, and other settings that users can customise through their profile).
We may also collect and store aggregate or anonymous information about your interaction with our websites to allow us to improve your experience. Such information is not personal information, and it cannot directly or indirectly identify an individual on its own.
• Third-party cookies:
They are cookies set by our partners and service providers whose functionality is embedded into our websites (e.g., google.com). Cookies may also be placed on your device by third parties when you browse our websites and use our mobile phone apps.
How long do cookies last?
Cookies may either be “session cookies” or “persistent cookies”:
• Session cookies:
They only last during your visit of our websites and expire when you close your browser.
• Persistent cookies:
They are stored on your browser on a set expiration date, or when you delete them manually. The lifespan of a persistent cookie varies and will depend on the purpose for which the cookie is used.
You can choose whether to accept cookies by editing your browser settings. However, if cookies are refused, your experience on our site may be worse, and some features may not work as intended.
b. Pixel tags
Pixel tags, also known as “web beacons,” “conversion pixels,” “retargeting pixels,” “GIFs” or “bugs,” are one-pixel transparent images located on web pages or messages. They track whether you have opened these web pages or messages. Upon firing, a pixel tag logs a visit to the current page or message and may read or set cookies.
Pixel tags often rely on cookies to work, so turning off cookies can impair them. But even if you turn off cookies, pixel tags can still detect a web page visit.
c. Javascript
JavaScript is a programming language. It can be used to write trackers that, when embedded into a web page, allow us to measure how you interact with our websites but also other websites.
d. Software Development Kits (or SDKs)
SDKs are pieces of code provided by our digital vendors (e.g., third-party advertising companies, ad networks and analytics providers) in our mobile apps to collect and analyze certain device and user data.
e. Device identifiers
Device identifiers are user-resettable identifiers (unique device IDs) comprised of numbers and letters. They are unique to a specific device. They are stored directly on the device and are used to recognize you or your devices(s) on, off and across different apps and devices for marketing and advertising purposes.
When you use mobile devices to access our websites, we may collect and transmit unique device IDs, as well as other information about your device, including without limitation, your wireless carrier, the make, model, operating system, capacity and settings of your device, the names, package IDs and versions of other software you have downloaded to your device and information about how you interact with and navigate within our websites.
f. ID synching
In order to decide what type of ad might interest you, our digital and marketing vendors sometimes link data – inferred from your browsing of other sites or collected from other sources – using a method knowns as “ID synching” or “cookie synching.” To do this, they match the tracker ID they have assigned to you with one or more tracker IDs that are held in another company’s database and that are likely also associated with you. Any of the linked trackers may have certain interests and other demographic information attributed to it. That information is then used to determine which ad to show you.